Cancer Therapy - Specific Cancer Therapies for Organs

Treatments for organ-specific cancer

Some specialized cancer hospitals handle cancer in an organ-specific manner, and oncologists are often reserved only for the treatment of cancers involving specific organs. Consequently, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, gynecological cancer, orthopedic cancer, lung cancer, neuro cancer, and liver cancer have been successfully treated by oncologists.

Understanding each particular cancer of the organ and the treatment available for it

Cancer of the Breast

It is the most common cancer affecting women, and next to lung cancer, it is believed to be the cancer which has caused the most mortality among women. The mortality rate was the highest among women between the ages of 45 and 55. Breast cancer is curable if it is detected at an early stage and if the care needed is done immediately after diagnosis. Breast cancer is an uncontrolled type of breast cell growth.

Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer

A lump's abnormal appearance

The patient will carry out this diagnosis, and the doctor also looks for physical breast tests for the existence of abnormally looking lumps. The changes in the breast that doctors look forward to discovering, rather than a lump, are skin dimpling, irregular changes in the size and or shape of the breast, pulled into nipples as opposed to being pointed out as natural, and decoloration of the skin of the breast.

A mammogram

To check out anomalies in the breasts, radiologists use mammograms. Mammograms are breast x-ray images that are usually taken by holding the breasts in a compressed position.

Imaging of breasts by ultrasound

To analyze the breasts, ultrasound imaging is used, and this method of using sound waves helps distinguish whether a lump that has been found in a breast is either a fluid-filled cyst or a solid one.

Imaging for Magnetic Resonance, or MRI

Using a strong magnetic field, a breast MRI is taken. MRI of the breast becomes important in some cases to better diagnose breast cancer.

Biopsies

When the oncologist has a strong suspicion of cancer being present, a breast biopsy becomes necessary. To either confirm the disease, or rule it out, a core needle biopsy is performed on the suspected region of the breast.

The value of identifying early breast cancer

Breast cancer detection can be achieved by screening at an early stage. Screening refers to the different tests and exams conducted on a person's breasts to diagnose the disease at the earliest, well before the real signs of the disease begin to occur. Cancers that have become greater in size and that have typically spread to regions beyond the breast are usually breast cancers that can be felt and identified. The treatment in such cases is very complex. If it is diagnosed relatively early and before the real signs of cancer begin to occur, breast cancer may be treated successfully.

Treatment for Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is treated by either local therapy or systemic care.

The elimination, degradation or regulation of the growth of cancer cells in the breast requires local treatment of breast cancer. Local surgical procedure is also referred to as mastectomy and is also known as lumpectomy. This is a procedure for breast preservation. The use of radiation therapy is the other local procedure. Radiation therapy requires the use of a high-energy pulse of radiation to kill cancer cells. Advanced equipment such as LINAC helps to concentrate the radiation beam on the cancer cells, and minimizes or prevents damage to the healthy cells around them.

When breast cancer has spread to other areas of the body, systemic treatment becomes important. Thus, this procedure is used in the body to monitor and kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and biological therapy are the different treatments that are used in this procedure.

Chemotherapy requires the use of medicine to destroy cancer cells or monitor them. Hormone therapy requires the use of certain medications that suppress the development of certain hormones in the body, such as estrogen, and may help to restore cancerous breast cells that remain in the body following breast surgery. In treating and killing cancerous cells, biological therapy requires the use of the body's immune system.

Thus, cancer hospitals providing breast cancer services are fitted with a robust team of breast surgeons, plastic surgeons, medical oncologists and other related personnel, have advanced testing and treatment machinery with them, and also have the facilities of advanced ICUs for adequate patient care and rehabilitation.

Cancer of the lungs

Uncontrolled growth of cells in either one or both lungs is associated with lung cancer. Such cells do not grow into healthy lung tissue, but rather become mutant cells that begin to divide the tissue lumps that are known as tumors.

Diagnostic

Shortness of breath and wheezing are the signs generally associated with lung cancer. Lung cancer is also associated with many other symptoms, such as chest pain, exhaustion, lack of appetite, presence of blood in the sputum while coughing, excessive cough, unanticipated weight loss, and coughing out blood. Physicians will use the presence of these symptoms, together with records of many other treatments, to diagnose the presence or absence of lung cancer. Imaging methods are also used to detect lung cancer, such as chest X-Rays, bronchoscopy, MRI, CT, and PET scans. In addition, the patient is also subject to a physical examination by the doctor and an analysis of the sputum of the patient is also done. The presence of lung cancer, and also the origin of the tumor, as well as information about the presence or absence of the disease somewhere else in the body, can be discovered by all these tests and procedures.

Therapy for lung cancer

There are many factors affecting the treatment of lung cancer, including the variables on which the treatment of lung cancer depends, the type of cancer, the stage or how far the cancer has spread, the patient's age, his or her health status, and many other personal characteristics of the patient. There is no standard cure for lung cancer, and patients frequently undergo treatment that is a combination of multiple treatments and palliative care. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the main lung cancer treatment treatments. The patient will also be introduced to newly developed treatments that include gene therapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy as well.

Radiation oncologists, thoracic surgeons, surgical oncologists, onco-medical social workers, etc. compose the treating team.

Cancer of orthopedic origin

Musculoskeletal tumors which affect the pelvis, limbs, and spine are involved in orthopedic cancer. Orthopedic cancerous tumors that are commonly seen in children and teenagers are Ewings sarcoma and Osteosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma, metastasis, and multiple myeloma are cancerous tumors which are more common among adults. These tumors are known to be unusual, and to date, the exact cause leading to their development has remained a mystery.

Patients that are afflicted by these tumors have constant pain in their back or arms, and this pain will not subside with drugs or rest. Paralysis and hand or foot weakness are signs commonly present in patients with spine tumors.

The Diagnosis of Orthopedic Cancer

In order to diagnose orthopedic cancer, clinical review by a specialist and further investigations are necessary; mere physical examinations of swellings of bone and soft tissue can never disclose the existence of orthopedic cancer. The tests that are normally conducted include X-Ray, MRI, PET, CT, and bone scans. To confirm the diagnosis, a biopsy is required.

Therapy for Orthopedic Cancer

Tumors such as Ewings sarcoma and Osteosarcoma require a combination of treatment that begins with chemotherapy, followed by surgery, and finally requires radiotherapy. In order to treat benign tumors and tumors such as chondrosarcoma, surgical procedures are needed. By subjecting them to palliative surgery, the quality of life of patients with bone metastasis can be considerably improved. When limbs or arms need to be rescued from amputation, procedures are tailored according to patients. When amputation surgery becomes required, cancer hospitals make the necessary arrangements for prosthetic substitutions.

No known strategies are used to prevent musculoskeletal tumors from arising and these tumors are considerably rare. Since avoidance is ruled out, early detection alone will lead to appropriate care. In addition, in recent years, developments in technology have led to the possibility of freeing patients from some leg or arm amputations when they are affected by bone cancer. But only when the cancer is diagnosed at an early stage can amputation be prevented. Several patients have been treated and rehabilitated and are now in a position to lead a normal life; these patients have benefited from technical developments that have streamlined complicated surgeries.

Cancer hospitals use new technology for tumor excisions of soft tissue sarcoma, including brachytherapy, and also for external radiation therapy using LINAC.

The cancer hospitals' orthopedic cancer management team consists of surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, physiotherapists, and so on.

Many services may also help patients seeking care for musculoskeletal tumors, including limb rescue surgery when being treated for malignant tumors, benign bone tumor management, pelvic and spine tumor surgery, skin malignancy treatment, soft tissue sarcoma treatment, and so on.

Cancer of the Head and Neck

Head and neck cancer are cancers that affect the Upper Aero Digestive Tract, or UADT, cancers that affect the region between the brain and the collar bone, and cancers that arise from glands such as thyroid and parotid glands.

Diagnostic

The presence of head and neck cancer can be discovered by a successful physical examination under the hands of a professional oncologist. The biopsy will provide precise confirmation of the affected area. A Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, or FNAC, is used to explore lumps.

Therapy for Head and Neck cancer

The region of the head and neck is correlated with a person's personality. In addition, the various significant functional areas in this region are present, which often include the senses of a person such as sight, smell, auditory, taste, voice, and swallowing. Therefore, the treatment of cancers affecting the region of the head and neck should be balanced, the treatment should not compromise the esthetics or the function of the sensory organs, but at the same time the treatment should be successful in cancer control. Therefore, the most innovative treatment for head and neck cancer is aimed at maintaining the functions of the sensory organs and at managing cancer efficiently at the same time. In the early phases of the onset of head and neck cancer, only surgery or radiation therapy is sufficient. But, during the advanced stages of head and neck cancer, surgery combined with radiation therapy is required. Along with radiotherapy, chemotherapy is also used to improve the potential of radiotherapy.

In addition, care for head and neck cancer also benefits from developments in the field of reconstructive surgery. These developments have allowed the functionality of essential sensory organs to be preserved, thus enhancing the quality of life of the person concerned. Some of the advances in surgery that have aided therapies for head and neck cancer include transfer of micro vascular tissue, functional neck surgery, surgery to protect the jaw, and so on. In addition, sophisticated external radiotherapy devices such as LINACs have made it possible to administer high-intensity radiation reliably to deep-seated tumors, as well as to maintain vital anatomy in the vicinity of the tumor. LINACs have also significantly shortened the duration of therapy.

Head and neck surgery, cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, voice preservation, speech repair, micro-vascular regeneration, speech therapy, faciomaxillary surgery, prosthodontic procedures, and so on are the additional conservative facilities that a patient may also benefit from when being treated for head and neck cancer.

Cancer of the Liver

Both liver-related cancers and tumors have become known as liver cancer, and this includes primary liver and secondary liver tumors. Primary liver tumors are tumors of the liver that emanate from inside the liver, and secondary tumors of the liver are tumors that have spread to the liver from other parts of the body affected by cancer.

Diagnostic Liver Cancer

Imaging techniques like ultrasound, PET, and, or CT scan is necessary. In order to establish liver cancer, a biopsy may or will not be done.

Treating Liver Cancer

Once liver cancer is discovered at an early stage, it is usually treated by surgically removing the tumor or by targeted chemotherapy, also known as TACE, or by liver transplantation, to kill the tumor cells. There are several other variables that also decide the treatment to be carried out, including the state of the liver, the size of the liver, the location, the number of tumors, the age of the affected person, and the general health of the person. In addition, the complications and benefits associated with a specific mode of treatment often depend on the size of the tumor, the state of the liver, and the condition of the affected person's health. In normal situations, in accordance with the diagnosis of the person being treated, a care plan is tailor-made.

The advantage of having chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy under one roof is for patients seeking liver cancer treatment at advanced cancer hospitals. In addition, these cancer clinics have liver transplantation services, and certain patients with liver cancer have the option of undergoing liver transplantation in the hospital they are being treated, in conjunction with these programs.

Cancer hospitals treating liver cancer have doctors from many backgrounds in their unit, including hepatobiliary surgery, radiology, oncology, hepatology, pathology, and so on. The whole team is well-trained and experienced in the treatment of liver cancer, and they work together to address difficult issues of liver cancer.

Cancer of the Gynecological

Gynecological cancer has been grouped into cancers affecting the female reproductive organs. Gynecological cancer encompasses diseases such as cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, ovarian cancer, cancer of the vulva, and cancer of the uterus.

Diagnostic Gynecological Cancer

The signs commonly associated with gynecological cancer include vaginal bleeding that is not common, persistent swelling or bloating in the abdominal area, questionable weight gain or loss, persistent diarrhea, or constipation. It is only after extensive gynecological and clinical tests that gynecological cancer is diagnosed. For detailed diagnosis, imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT, and PET/CT scans are often used. In the method of diagnosis, biopsy may or may not be used.

Therapy for gynecological cancer

The treatment is dependent on the extent of the cancer's spread, as well as the form of cancer present. Treatment is normally a mixture of surgery and chemotherapy, and radiotherapy can or may not be used. Surgery requires the removal of cancerous cells from the region affected. Chemotherapy is the use of medications to inhibit the development of cancer cells in the infected region or to monitor them. The medications are given either in the form of tablets, or by intravenous, or IV injections, into the body. Radiotherapy requires the use of high-energy beams of radiation to destroy or avoid the further spread of cancer cells.

Fertility-sparing gynecological cancer therapy has been successfully carried out. A combination of surgery and chemotherapy has been used to successfully treat ovarian choriocarcinoma that was in stage IV by sparing fertility.

The services and therapies that patients can expect from cancer hospitals for gynecological cancer include

· Medical services such as hysteroscopy, biopsy, colposcopy, laproscopy, etc.

· Ultra-radical and radical procedures are performed to treat uterine cervix cancer, such as Wertheim's hysterectomy, radical vagino-abdominal surgery, and Japanese radical cancer surgery at stage II B. As part of the operation, para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy are often performed.

· Chemotherapy, intraperitoneal,

· Cytoreductive surgery is conducted for ovarian tumor treatment, and hysterectomy, omentectomy, lymphadenectomy, and diaphragmatic stripping are often involved. Patients needing chemotherapy are given intraperitoneal chemotherapy and this has a strong survival rate.

· Hysterecotmy type is used for the treatment of endometrial cancer. It is also used for pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. High dose progesterone therapy is performed to treat such cases where fertility sparing is required.

· In the treatment of vulvar cancer, radical vulvectomy, partial vaginectomy and even partial urethrectomy with dissection of the groin node are done.

· Surgical procedures are used to treat cancer of the vagina and even cancers of the fallopian tube.

· In the treatment of choriocarcinoma, chemotherapy and hysterectomy are used. Fertility-sparing excisions of tumors are also performed in some cases.

· Development of neo-vagina, treatment of urethral stricture, treatment of vaginal dryness and so on

Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are, where appropriate, often given on a patient basis.

Neuro cancer

Neuro-cancers are treated as tumors affecting the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Abnormal cell development in the brain leads to a tumor in the brain. Similarly, irregular spinal cord and peripheral nerve cell development contributes to spinal cord and peripheral nerve tumors.

The Symptoms

Symptoms related to brain tumors are blurred vision, developmental defects, vomiting, recurrent headaches, seizures, and so on.

Any of the symptoms associated with spinal cord cancer are back pain, bowel and bladder disturbances, pain in the limbs and arms, weakness associated with the limbs and arms, and so on.

Symptoms associated with peripheral nerve tumors include swelling, feelings of fatigue, pain, etc.

Diagnosis and Therapy of Neuro Cancer

For diagnosis, imaging methods are used, including CT, MRI and PET/CT scans.

Surgery is the primary method to combat neuro cancers. Surgically, cancers of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves are removed. As a consequence of this surgical operation, a comprehensive histological diagnosis of the tumor can be obtained. In addition, physical removal of the tumor often relieves cancer symptoms in the affected person. The procedure also paves the way for a fast recovery. Some medical techniques, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, may be accompanied by surgery.

Any person affected by neuro cancer is eligible for treatment for neuro cancer. Yet early detection of neuro cancer tends to completely annihilate the disease. Tumors of the brain, spinal cord, or the peripheral nerves require urgent care, because if they are left untreated they may become life threatening at a later date. With advances in technology, care for neuro cancer has become considerably safe and manageable. In addition, the recovery period and the mandatory days of stay in the hospital have been greatly decreased.

In the treatment of neuro cancers, advanced cancer hospitals use numerous top-notch techniques, including stem cell therapy, cerebral microdialysis, and so on. Advanced cancer hospitals have the requisite technology to perform microneurosurgery, navigational neuro surgery, endoscopy-guided neuro surgery, imagery-guided neuro surgery, and so on.

In addition, advanced cancer hospitals are now equipped with advanced top-notch operation theaters designed to deal with neuro cancer cases, advanced neuro ICUs and other related infrastructure that helps a patient with neuro cancer recover in a safe and controlled environment.

Also if you want to take precautions and advice from advance and reputed doctors visit Cura health and also have its app Click here to download the app.